Cov ntawv ci tooj liab, daim ntawv tooj liab no zoo li yooj yim heev, muaj cov txheej txheem tsim khoom nyuaj heev. Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau suav nrog kev rho tawm thiab kev ua kom tooj liab zoo, kev tsim cov ntawv ci tooj liab, thiab cov kauj ruam tom qab ua tiav.
Kauj ruam thawj zaug yog kev rho tawm thiab ua kom tooj liab zoo. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm United States Geological Survey (USGS), kev tsim cov hlau tooj liab thoob ntiaj teb tau txog 20 lab tons hauv xyoo 2021 (USGS, 2021). Tom qab rho tawm cov hlau tooj liab, los ntawm cov kauj ruam xws li kev tsoo, kev sib tsoo, thiab kev ntab, cov hlau tooj liab uas muaj li ntawm 30% tuaj yeem tau txais. Cov hlau tooj liab no tom qab ntawd dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem ua kom zoo, suav nrog kev sib xyaw, kev hloov pauv, thiab electrolysis, thaum kawg ua rau cov hlau tooj liab electrolytic nrog qhov huv siab txog 99.99%.
Tom ntej no yog cov txheej txheem tsim cov ntawv ci tooj liab, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom nyob ntawm txoj kev tsim khoom: ntawv ci tooj liab electrolytic thiab ntawv ci tooj liab dov.
Cov ntawv ci tooj liab electrolytic yog ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem electrolytic. Hauv lub cell electrolytic, cov anode tooj liab maj mam yaj nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua ntawm electrolyte, thiab cov ions tooj liab, tsav los ntawm tam sim no, txav mus rau cathode thiab tsim cov tooj liab deposits rau ntawm cathode nto. Lub thickness ntawm cov ntawv ci tooj liab electrolytic feem ntau yog los ntawm 5 txog 200 micrometers, uas tuaj yeem tswj tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm circuit board (PCB) thev naus laus zis (Yu, 1988).
Cov ntawv ci tooj liab uas dov tau, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog ua los ntawm tshuab. Pib los ntawm daim ntawv tooj liab uas tuab ob peb millimeters, nws maj mam nyias los ntawm kev dov, thaum kawg tsim cov ntawv ci tooj liab uas tuab ntawm qib micrometer (Coombs Jr., 2007). Hom ntawv ci tooj liab no muaj qhov chaw du dua li cov ntawv ci tooj liab electrolytic, tab sis nws cov txheej txheem tsim khoom siv zog ntau dua.
Tom qab ua cov ntawv ci tooj liab tiav lawm, feem ntau nws yuav tsum tau ua tiav cov txheej txheem tom qab, suav nrog kev ua kom sov, kev kho saum npoo, thiab lwm yam, kom txhim kho nws cov kev ua tau zoo. Piv txwv li, kev ua kom sov tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntawv ci tooj liab muaj zog thiab tawv, thaum kev kho saum npoo (xws li kev ua kom sov lossis txheej) tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntawv ci tooj liab tsis yooj yim xeb thiab lo rau.
Hauv kev xaus lus, txawm hais tias cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm cov ntawv ci tooj liab nyuaj heev, cov khoom tsim tawm muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau peb lub neej niaj hnub no. Qhov no yog qhov qhia txog kev nce qib ntawm thev naus laus zis, hloov cov peev txheej ntuj tsim mus rau hauv cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis siab los ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom meej.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov ntawv ci tooj liab kuj coj qee qhov kev cov nyom, suav nrog kev siv hluav taws xob, kev cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig, thiab lwm yam. Raws li daim ntawv tshaj tawm, kev tsim 1 tuj ntawm tooj liab xav tau txog 220GJ ntawm lub zog, thiab tsim 2.2 tons ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide (Northey et al., 2014). Yog li ntawd, peb yuav tsum nrhiav txoj hauv kev zoo dua thiab zoo rau ib puag ncig los tsim cov ntawv ci tooj liab.
Ib qho kev daws teeb meem yog siv cov tooj liab rov ua dua tshiab los tsim cov ntawv ci tooj liab. Muaj kev tshaj tawm tias kev siv zog ntawm kev tsim cov tooj liab rov ua dua tshiab tsuas yog 20% ntawm cov tooj liab thawj zaug, thiab nws txo qhov kev siv cov peev txheej tooj liab (UNEP, 2011). Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog kev nce qib ntawm thev naus laus zis, peb yuav tsim cov txheej txheem tsim cov ntawv ci tooj liab zoo dua thiab txuag hluav taws xob, txo lawv cov kev cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig.
Xaus lus, cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm cov ntawv ci tooj liab yog ib qho kev siv tshuab uas muaj ntau yam kev cov nyom thiab cov cib fim. Txawm hais tias peb tau ua tiav ntau yam, tseem muaj ntau yam haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntawv ci tooj liab tuaj yeem ua tau raws li peb cov kev xav tau txhua hnub thaum tiv thaiv peb ib puag ncig.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Xya Hli-08-2023