Tooj liab ntawv nyiaj, qhov no zoo li yooj yim ultra-nyias daim ntawv tooj liab, muaj cov txheej txheem zoo heev thiab cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog kev rho tawm thiab ua kom tsis tooj ntawm tooj liab, kev tsim khoom ntawm tooj liab ntawv ci, thiab ua cov kauj ruam tom qab.
Thawj kauj ruam yog extraction thiab refining ntawm tooj liab. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas Geological kev soj ntsuam (USGS), lub ntiaj teb ntau lawm ntawm tooj liab ore tau txog 20 lab tons hauv 2021 (USGS, 2021). Tom qab rho tawm tooj liab, los ntawm cov kauj ruam zoo li crushing, sib tsoo, thiab frotation, tooj liab qab, tooj liab cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem tau txais. Cov neeg tooj liab lub concentrates ces yauv rov ua dua tshiab, suav nrog smelting, controlysis, grouping electrolytic tooj liab nrog lub siab ntev li 99.99%.
Tom ntej no los ua cov txheej txheem tsim khoom lag luam ntawm tooj liab ntawv ci, uas tuaj yeem faib ua ob hom nyob ntawm txoj kev tsim khoom: elecolytic tooj liab ntawv ci thiab dov tooj liab ntawv.
Electrolytic Tooj yog ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem electrolytic. Hauv kev siv hluav taws xob electrolytic, tus tooj me me tshem tawm hauv kev ua ntawm electrolyte, thiab tus tooj liab thiab tooj liab tso ntawm cathode nto. Lub thickness ntawm electrolytic tooj liab ntawv feem ntau yog li ntawm 5 txog 200 micrometers, uas tuaj yeem raug tswj hwm tau ntawm cov luam tawm hluav taws xob (PCB) thev naus laus zis (YU, 1988).
Kov tooj liab ntawv ci, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog ua mechanically. Pib los ntawm lub tooj liab daim ntawv ob peb millimeters tuab, nws yog maj tinned los ntawm yob, nws thiaj li ua tus tooj liab (cawv) JR., 2007). Hom tooj liab ntawv no muaj cov smoother nto dua electrolytic tooj liab ntawv nyiaj, tab sis nws cov txheej txheem kev tsim khoom siv ntau lub zog.
Tom qab tus tooj liab ntawv ci yog tsim tawm, feem ntau nws xav tau los yauv ua tom qab, suav nrog kev kho ib qho, thiab lwm yam, txhawm rau txhim kho nws cov kev ua tau zoo. Piv txwv, annealing tuaj yeem txhim kho kev txhim kho thiab tawv tawv ntawm kev kho kom zoo (xws li oxidation lossis txheej) tuaj yeem txhim kho cov xov tooj liab loj thiab cov nplaum ntawm tooj liab ntawv ci.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, txawm hais tias cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab tsim qauv ntawm tooj liab ntawv ntawv yog ua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua, cov khoom tawm khoom muaj qhov cuam tshuam ntawm peb lub neej tshiab. Qhov no yog qhov ua tau ntawm kev nce qib thev naus laus zis, hloov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv ntuj tsim los ntawm cov cuab yeej tsim khoom lag luam uas raug.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov ntawv ci tseem muaj kev sib tw, thiab tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, thiab tsim kom muaj zog ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide (Northey li al., 2014). Yog li ntawd, peb yuav tsum nrhiav tau ntau dua thiab ib puag ncig txoj hauv kev los ua cov tshuab muag khoom.
Ib qho kev daws teeb meem yog siv tooj liab los ua cov ntawv ci tooj liab. Nws tau tshaj tawm tias lub zog tau noj ntawm kev tsim cov tooj liab rov ua tsuas yog 20% ntawm tus tooj liab loj (UNEP, 2011). Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog kev nce qib ntawm thev naus laus zis, tej zaum peb yuav tsim kho cov txuj ci zoo, ntxiv txo lawv cov kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig.
Hauv kev xaus, kev tsim khoom ntau lawm thiab tsim qauv ntawm tooj liab ntawv ci yog cov kev sib tw ntawm cov kev cov nyom thiab cov cib fim. Txawm hais tias peb tau ua tiav qhov kev vam meej tseem ceeb, tseem muaj haujlwm ntau yuav tsum tau ua kom paub tseeb tias tooj liab ntawv tuaj yeem sib ntsib peb cov kev xav tau txhua hnub thaum tiv thaiv peb ib puag ncig.
Lub Sijhawm Post: Jul-08-2023